Definition of Speaker and their working principles – We can listen to radio music, listen to the sound of television dramas or the sounds of our interlocutor on mobile phones, all because of the electronic components called loudspeakers that in Indonesian called loudspeakers. Loudspeaker or more commonly abbreviated as Speaker is a Transducer that can convert electrical signals into Audio Frequencies (sound signals) that can be heard by the human ear by moving the membrane components on the Speaker so that sound waves occur.
How can sound be produced?
Before we discuss more about Loadspeaker ( Loudspeakers ), we should know how sound can be produced. What is meant by “Sound” is actually a Frequency that can be heard by the Human Ear, namely frequencies that range from 20Hz to 20,000Hz. The onset of sound due to fluctuations in air pressure caused by the movement or vibration of a particular object. When the object moves or vibrates, it sends kinetic energy to the surrounding air particles. This can be anologically like the occurrence of waves in water. While what is meant by Frequency is the number of vibrations that occur within one second. Frequency is affected by the speed of vibration in objects that cause sound, the faster the vibration the higher the frequency.
The Speaker’s Working Principles
In the picture above, we can see that basically the Speaker consists of several main components namely Cone, Suspension, Permanent Magnet, Voice Coil and also The Speaker Frame.
In order to translate electrical signals into audible sounds, speakers have an electromagnetic component consisting of coils called voice coils to generate magnetic fields and interact with permanent magnets so as to move the cone speaker forward and backward. The Voice Coil is the moving part while the Permanent Magnet is the Speaker part that stays in position. The electrical signal passing through the Voice Coil will cause the direction of the magnetic field to change rapidly so that there is a movement of “pull” and “reject” with permanent magnets. Thus, there is an forward and backward vibration in the Cone Speaker.
Cones are the main component of moving speakers. In principle, the larger the cone, the larger the surface that can move air so that the sound produced by the speaker will also be greater.
The suspension contained in the Speaker serves to pull the Cone into its original position after moving forward and backward. Suspension also serves as a Cone and Voice Coil holder. Rigidity, composition and design of suspension greatly affect the sound quality of the speaker itself.
Speaker Symbols and Shapes
The following are the symbols and shapes of loudspeakers:
Types of Speaker
Based on the frequency generated, speakers can be divided into:
- Tweeter speakers, which are speakers that produce High Frequencies (about 2kHz – 20kHz)
- Mid-range speakers, which are speakers that produce Medium Frequencies (about 300Hz – 5kHz)
- Woofer speakers, which are speakers that produce Low Frequencies (about 40Hz – 1kHz)
- Sub-woofer speakers, which are speakers that produce very low frequencies that are about 20Hz – 200Hz.
- Full Range speakers are speakers that can produce Low To High Frequency.
Based on its function and shape, speakers can also be distinguished into:
- Funnel Speakers
- Speaker Hi-fi
- Mobile Speakers
- Headphone
- Earphone
- Television Speakers
- Speaker Sound System (Home Theater)
- Speaker Laptop
Definition of Active Speaker and Passive Speaker
Speakers used for Sound System Entertainment can generally be divided into 2 categories, namely Passive Speakers and Active Speakers. Here is a brief explanation of these two types of speakers.
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Passive Speaker
are speakers that do not have amplifiers (sound amplifiers) in them. So Passive Speakers require additional amplifiers to be able to move them. The signal level must be strengthened first in order to move the Passive Speaker. Most of the speakers we come across are passive speakers.
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Active Speaker is
a Speaker that has an Amplifier (sound amplifier) in it. Active Speakers require additional power cables to turn on the amplifier contained in them.
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